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This article deals with the issue of women’s rights in the professional sphere. While in the past, legislation was aimed at protecting the role of women as mothers and as workers, an egalitarian logic has prevailed. The progress which have been accomplished on legal grounds have not eradicated enduring difficulties to tackle concrete inequalities between men and women at work. Actions and policies aimed at establishing equality include both compulsory and negotiated measures. As to women rights in the professional sphere, they depend both upon the efficiency of professional equality strategies as such and upon more egalitarian “reconciliation” policies.