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Workforce vulnerability has recently come to the fore in European policy debate as countries search for a potential engine of inclusive growth that will protect workers against adverse working conditions.This paper presents a methodology to measure vulnerability at the workplace, defining vulnerable workers as those threatened by adverse physical and psychosocial working conditions. Vulnerability is thus a forward-looking concept that allows the identification of the workers who are the most exposed to poor conditions or to a degradation of working conditions. Using a pseudo-panel derived from repeated cross-sectional data, second-order moments can be used to identify and estimate the variance of shocks on working conditions and, therefore, the probability of being exposed to adverse working conditions in the future. Estimates from the latest editions of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) provide a vulnerability measure both at the cohort level and at the aggregate one, allowing comparisons across European countries.