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For medievalists conducting research on the circular economy, it is difficult to gather written and material sources at the level of the firm. The research outlined here was carried out over a long period of time and was based on rare documents. It focused on the central and eastern Pyrénées (from the Couserans to the Canigou) from the 13th to the 16th century and looked specifically at metallurgical entrepreneurship. Certain practices were identified as part of the circular economy in this context: the control and optimisation of mining production, the valorisation of waste and products with a low added value, and the re-use of materials.