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"With the 1967 reform, Canada’s immigration policy changed from a country-preference system to a points system. The latter provides points according to applicants’ education level but abstracts from the quality of their education. This paper considers the points system ( h), the country-preference system ( p), as well as a system that includes both educational quantity and quality (termed the “ q2 points system”). It focuses on their impact on the host country’s average productive human capital – the product of educational quality and quantity – or skill level S, on that of the immigrants, and of high (low) education-quality source countries 1 (2). It shows, among others, that i) S is greater under the q2 system than under the points system ( Sq > Sh) ; ii) S is gre ater under the country-preference system than under the points system ( Sp > Sh) ; iii) whether S is greater under the q2 or the country-preference system is ambiguous, with Sq > (<)  Sp if the quality of education in Country 1 relative to Country 2 is higher (lower) than the degree of preference for migrants from Country 1 relative to Country 2 ; iv) an increase in education quality in the high- (low-) quality source country has a positive (ambiguous) impact on S under all three policies, and the impact is larger under the q2 than under the points system ; and v) a switch from a points system to a q2 system results in a human capital gain or net brain gain for Country 1 and a loss or net brain drain for Country 2.Classification JEL : F22, I25, I26, J24."