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In the face of growing uncertainties, ensuring the resilience and sustainability of French dairy farms is a major challenge. This study proposes an original analytical framework aimed at characterizing the internal and external strategic levers used by dairy farms. Applied to a comparative study of 14 cases in Occitanie and Brittany, it shows the importance attached by producers to the re-appropriation of individual economic strategies. Collective action remains relevant, but is being reinvented with new rationales and contrasting environmental benefits. These results encourage sectoral organizations to consider production strategies in all their diversity at regional level. (JEL: B15, Q13, Q18)