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With the introduction of the fee-for-service system (T2A) in 2003, the creation of “pôles” [multidisciplinary centers] in 2005, and the HPST act (Hospitals, Patients, Health, Territories) in 2009, hospitals have undergone successive waves of reform over the past few years. The role of physicians within hospitals has given rise to lively and contradictory debate: key player in public health, expert on treatment, joint manager, promoter of the hospital’s work... the questions are many. Two well-known personalities from the hospital world offer their answers and suggest ways in which a hospital system that is undergoing in-depth reform of its organization and working practices could develop.