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To explain the dissemination and the trade liberalization process of the Roundup Ready soybean in Brazil, two mainly opposing views are usually used. The first one, often labelled as no-global and environmentalist thesis, describes the diffusion of RR soybean in Brazil as the umpteenth example of the Monsanto’s imperialist domination strategy. The second analysis would explain the same phenomenon as the simple consequence of the economic and productive benefits that this technology is supposed to provide. The aim of this paper is, starting by a critical reading of these two approaches, to propose a fresh look on this phenomenon. Our qualitative and meso-economic analysis will allow us to show that trade liberalization of genetically modified soybeans in Brazil, is a political decision reflecting the consensus of the majority interests of the industry in question.