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Starting from the fundamental principles of transportation pricing, the paper discusses the relative merits of a number of policy measures. It argues that in the short to medium term, discouraging the purchase of new diesel cars is the most important environmental measure that can be taken. A further increase in fuel efficiency is not a priority. Within the same time frame, parking charges and a toll belt around major cities have an important role to play, while subsidies to public transportation are justified only if a number of conditions are met. A toll on trucks is mainly an interesting way to make in-transit traffic pay taxes but could be less useful in controlling congestion levels. In the long run, prices should be based on marginal social costs. Such pricing measures should be accompanied by a well-directed use of revenues in order to correct for the effects on the poorest income groups.