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This paper questions the poverty status of women living with HIV from an anthropological perspective. After describing the intertwined policies to combat the epidemic and poverty reduction programs, the article looks at the role that HIV has played both in the identification of poor women and in the ways in which they can be helped, as well as in the use of the stigma associated with their condition and the resources made available to them. It appears that comprehensive HIV care strategies are part of social mobility routes, while contributing to the process of reproduction of health inequalities and of diversification of their expressions.