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Since the mid-2000s, renowned climate scientists, academies of science, and even the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have suggested to study the potential of geoengineering techniques. This article reviews and explores possible research avenues on geoengineering in history of science and social science. The author insists on the interest of monitoring the actors of geoengineering, in particular those who work on the acceptability of having recourse to it and encourage scientific research on it. In parallel, the author hopes to throw some useful light on today’s main debates and controversies on geoengineering.