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Inequalities are at the heart of global development processes. This paper examines the long-term relationship between inequalities and development and their quantitative changes over the differentiated development of countries in the North and in the South, in a context of trade and financial globalization, which has transformed value chains and national development trajectories. In the face of changing social relations and climate change, the inherent difficulties of apprehension in social and, more recently, climatic inequalities, most often of a qualitative nature, are highlighted. JEL Classification: N10, O10, O15, I 32