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In the face of insufficient production/conservation of global public goods (GPG), which makes strengthened international cooperation necessary in the context of a deregulated globalization, this article takes a closer look at this concept. It was recently put on the international Agenda by the United Nations in order to consider its pertinence with regard to the goal of sustainable development that closely preceded it in the order of priorities. Whereas several registers of justification are possible to promote the provision of GPG, the focus is particularly placed on the difficulties in negotiation that aims at the conservation of climate stability when confronted by sovereignties and national egoisms.