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In 2015-2016, Europe was faced with an unprecedented influx of refugees that revealed the extent of uncommunication between Europe and the European nations and a crisis of confidence exacerbated by a lack of solidarity between countries in Western and Eastern Europe. Attempts to forge a dialogue with countries to the south of the Mediterranean foundered, with a great deal of misunderstanding arising from the fact that migration policies in Europe and in European countries are geared primarily to satisfying public opinion rather than to developing reasoned responses to the migration issue.