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This article deals with the political issues of the multiple underage criminal justice reforms. These reforms of the protectionist model do not answer to a youngsters’ raising of violence but it corresponds to an evolution of our societies in the direction of a liberal model, in which each one is considered as responsible of his own acts. The deny of the economic and social roots of the underage delinquence leads politicians to give up the educative effort, which is the only efficient policy though.