Governing by Norms: Jeremy Bentham and Instruments of Postmodern Regulation
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At the end of the eighteenth century, Jeremy Bentham coins the term “indirect legislation” to describe alternative means of control in his utilitarian State. These normative forms of control can be found in Foucault’s biopolitics as well as in a wide range of contemporary regulatory instruments (nudges, choice architecture, New Management, etc.). Two features are common to this wide range of instruments: information gathering and public censure. The former collects and circulates information to increase the stock of knowledge in order to help decision-making and to set objectives (benchmarking). The latter shows how individuals adapt their behavior to the judgement of their peers (peer pressure), be it real or fantasized.
Réseaux sociaux