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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious viral animal diseases. It is a long-established disease that still poses a permanent threat of re-emergence in disease-free areas. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus, affects domestic and wild artiodactyls. FMD has a considerable socioeconomic impact on agricultural production and trade in endemic regions, but also when incursions into FMD-free areas occur, as in Europe in 2001. FMDV is historically one of the most studied viruses. Due to its high genetic and antigenic variability, the absence of cross-immunity between its seven serotypes, its ability to survive in the environment, its high contagiousness, its wide range of hosts, and its specific biology, FMDV remains of major interest in animal health and the subject of many research projects. This review presents different aspects of FMDV infection, ranging from basic biology to diagnosis, monitoring, and control.