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Therapeutic non-compliance among chronically-ill teenagers in general, and teenagers with kidney transplants in particular, is a genuine public health problem. At the Toulouse Children’s Hospital, between March 2002 and March 2003, a nurse consultation, coupled with a medical consultation, was set up in order to follow up with these teenagers. The aim of this research was to evaluate, after a year, the results of this consultation on the therapeutic observance of these teenagers, and its operation within the institution. At the opening moments of a deep upheaval of the profession, this study enabled us to place a value on the expertise of nurses which, combined with medical activity, offers real benefits to children. The nurse consultation has been in the news for some time, and has remained at the heart of our concerns for over half a century.