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Based on a geopolitical approach to the food supply in the Gulf’s three oil-monarchies – Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates – this article analyzes how governments deal with food dilemmas in a constrained environment, both in terms of ecosystems and international relations. It examines the different political categories of food procurement through power relations and rivalries between state actors and agribusinesses: local production, imports, and international markets, or investment abroad. These different strategies result in complex political arrangements, alliances, and competition at the regional scale.