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This article calls into question the possible definitions of the word “parental competences ” its context in which it is used within the family, its constituent elements, and how parental skills are assessed. Is such competence merely a reversal of the notion of incompetence or does it represent real difference in the perception of parental roles? This notion, which comes from the world of work, can prove useful provided that its contributions, the prospects of progress or possible excess are mastered. The concept may prove useful to all professionals who work on supporting parenthood, or assessing the weaknesses of family resources, provided that its contributions, the opportunity for the concept to change over time, and the possible excesses are recognized and mastered