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After the global financial crisis of 2008, the rise of nationalism, the Sino-American trade war, and the COVID-19 pandemic, questioning the merits of financial globalization and liberalization policies has once again become commonplace. But is financial globalization a modern political construct following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the 1970s, meaning that it can be reformed and even reversed? Or is it the result of a process that began in antiquity and is therefore difficult, if not impossible, to reverse? This paper aims to answer these questions using the historical method in the social sciences.