33

The circular economy relies on a set of approaches increasingly supported by public policies to achieve the energy transition. The role of services in these approaches is not sufficiently analyzed in the economic literature devoted to the circular economy. This article examines the contribution of services to the sustainability of industrial systems. Beyond the industrial service activities usually mentioned by industrial actors, other service activities are essential to the functioning of these ecosystems. They provide awareness, support, training, R&D, exchange, and coordination functions. They help to reduce the limitations encountered by these circular economy actions. Furthermore, the service dynamic is at the heart of some circular economy actions, in which a systemic approach to the territory is encouraged. In this context, several service activities contribute to the search for systemic coherence as well as new assessment systems.