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This paper addresses the issue of the European Union and regional governments’ respective legitimacy, in addition to investigating the contribution of European and regional policies to the legitimation of both levels of government through the lens of policy feedbacks. Two main issues are addressed. Have shifts of policy responsibilities toward the EU and regional governments impacted upon the legitimacy of each level of government? Furthermore, do legitimation processes of each level interact with one another in a cumulative way? The paper takes on an exploratory role vis-à-vis the effects of feedback on European environmental policy and regional education policy in Belgium based on citizens’ preferences for each level of government. It argues that the European environmental policy triggered an increase in EU legitimacy, whereas regional education policy had mixed effects in Flanders and Wallonia.