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In this paper, we focus on non-take-up of the French RSA (basic income support) scheme, which has not been widely studied to date. First, we estimate the rate of non-take-up by taking account of possible reporting and measurement inaccuracies. Our findings confirm a substantial rate of non-take-up: between 28% and 35% of eligible households fail to make claims under the program. Second, we investigate the determinants of non-take-up. We show that there is a high rate of non-take-up among very low income households. This result seems to be explained by the absence of prior contact between the poorest households and the administration. The rate of non-take-up is also high among less vulnerable households, which are closer to the labour market and would derive lower utility from claims under the program.