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The work of André Gorz is often understood in light of existentialism or anti-capitalist theory. Few are those who take an interest in his technocritique, yet it forms the keystone of his social thought. On the one hand, from his book Ecology as Politics (1978) to The Immaterial (2003), he promotes a utopian society that shelters self-governed workshops in order to extend the autonomous sphere. On the other hand, he decries a dystopian society where technology controls humanity. The choice is therefore between ecosocialism and barbarism. All of André Gorz’s political ecology is to be found in this defense of the lived world against the obsolescence of mankind as organized by capitalism.