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The process of identity assertion and recognition, while mainly observed through individual expression is above all the manifestation of the relations and interactions between groups of primary belonging, one being in a dominant position, to each other. The exclusion and the discrimation, to which dominated group members are subject, lead to an identity assertion calling into question common references such as secularity, that are perceived as those of the dominating group. The assumption is that identity tensions between groups would be the consequence of the failure of postcolonial intregration, and at the same time a defense mechanism against the new ways of recognition and of living together with which postmodern society is not able to cope.