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The aim of this article is to present the specific nature of the confrontation between economics and religion from the perspective of economic philosophy. Economy and religion are not defined from the outside, but from within each of these dimensions of the human condition, on the basis of the spirit that characterizes them, without disqualifying them a priori as illusory or scientistic. It then appears that within each of these dimensions two forms are opposed as good or bad, good economy opposed to bad economy, good religious attitude opposed to bad religious attitude. This ethical evaluation always uses the other dimension to disqualify a practice, whether economic or religious, as bad, as if each domain needed the other to legitimize the good spirit to be had.